Whether it is a power transformer for high-voltage transmission or a distribution transformer for local energy delivery, each component plays a critical role in ensuring reliable and efficient operation.
The iron core and winding constitute the important parts of the three-phase oil-immersed transformer. In addition, there are instruments included oil tanks, oil conservators, bushings, breathing apparatus, radiators, tap changers, thermometers, prssure etc.
Function: The core, typically made of laminated iron or steel, provides a low-reluctance path for magnetic flux, ensuring efficient energy transfer with minimal losses.
The windings are made of copper or aluminum. Low-voltage windings are made of strip or flat wire, and the high voltage windings are manufactured from round or profile wire. (“diamond-dotted paper”) bonds the winding into a compact block while drying and increases the short-circuit capacity additionally. so the load loss of is lower and the electric performance is better.
Tap changers adjust the turns ratio, enabling voltage regulation to adapt to varying load conditions.
Function: The bushing is used to draw the winding lead out of the tank while providing insulation support.
Winding Temperature indicator (WTI) and Oil Temperature indicator (OTI) : Monitor transformer temperature in real time to prevent overheating
Importance: This safety feature protects both the transformer and surrounding equipment.
Function: The Buchholz relay detects internal faults (e.g., gas accumulation) and triggers alarms or disconnects the transformer.
Function: When the pressure inside the transformer is too high, the pressure is released to prevent the tank from exploding
Importance: Periodically test the sensitivity of the pressure relief valve to ensure its normal operation
Transformers are classified based on their application and phase configuration:
4. Pad-mounted transformers are mounted to a concrete pad on the ground.
